Gum diseases could be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis is surely an inflammation with the gingivae (gums) in every age brackets but manifests with greater regularity in children and young adults.
Periodontitis is an inflammation with subsequent destruction from the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent loss in teeth. This disorder mainly manifests in early middle age with severity increasing in the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state in an individual.
Gum diseases have been found to become probably the most widespread chronic diseases the world over which has a prevalence which is between 90 and 100 percent in older adults over 35 years of age in developing countries. It’s got also been shown to be the explanation for tooth loss in individuals Four decades and above.
Halitosis bad breath is one of the major consequences of gum diseases.
Some of the terms which can be greatly connected with halitosis bad breath and gum diseases are listed below:
Dental Plaque- The primary requirement for the prevention and treating an ailment is definitely an knowledge of its causes. The main cause of gum diseases is bacteria, which form an intricate for the tooth surface known as plaque. These bacteria’s would be the root cause of terrible breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations around the teeth or other solid oral structures. When it is of sufficient thickness, it seems like being a whitish, yellowish layer mainly over the gum margins for the tooth surface. Its presence can also be discerned by the conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping your tooth surface over the gum margins.
When plaque is examined under the microscope, it reveals a variety of several types of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells can also be present. The micro-organisms detected vary in line with the site where they may be present.
You’ll find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes and even just small variety of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing tend to be protected by a thin layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle permits the selective adherence of bacteria towards the tooth surface.
Through the initial few hours, the bacteria proliferate in order to create colonies. In addition, other organisms will even populate the pellicle from adjacent areas produce a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The material present involving the bacteria is called intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 % of the plaque volume. This matrix is mainly extra cellular carbohydrate polymers made by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Little plaque are appropriate for gingival or periodontal health. Some people can resist larger amounts of plaque for lengthy periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction with the supporting tissues) whilst they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation from the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play a crucial part in plaque formation by modifying the total amount and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation would be, you will see more smelly breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation simply because they provide additional energy supply for bacterial metabolic process and offer the unprocessed trash (substrate) for the manufacture of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque may be the responsible for gum diseases, a number of others thought to be secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or modify the response of gum tissue to plaque. The local factors are:
1) Cavities within the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (dentures);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Tobacco smoking.
The systemic factors which potentially modify the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. diabetes, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders while others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and vit c and B deficiency.
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