All of us must know steel. It’s used by us inside your everyday living. But have you noticed how you can produce it? And what does it choose to use produce it? Fundamentally the steel is produced in a big factory and it’s also cooked within a giant stove called furnace. And the cooking itself takes so many ingredients within it.
The Blast Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace methods would be the two major processes for producing iron and steel products. Scrap melting could be the major process utilizing Electric Arc Furnaces. Recently, industry competition has become increasingly intense, elevating the need for an infinitely more efficient melting process. Capacities from the transformers are becoming larger and electric furnaces are growing larger worldwide. In this manufacturing environment, graphite materials who have durability for larger-power operation are needed far more to the use as Graphite Electrode (GE).
GE are produced from carbon. Carbon is really a nonmetal element by having an atomic quantity of 6 as well as the atomic symbol “C”. Carbon will be the base of organic chemistry, closely related to organic matter and life activity. Manufacturing excellent graphite electrodes requires quality materials which can be strictly selected.
Graphite features a higher heat transfer rating, effectiveness against higher temperatures, and has more strength against thermal shock than other materials. Moreover, it excels in machinability to meet the needs for any broader array of dimensions. Thus, graphite may be the optimum material for scrap-melting electrodes.
GE are easily consumed at high temperatures due to reaction with oxygen being CO, CO2. The oxidation of electrodes starts at 500oC and accelerates its speed at 800oC (inside furnace). Consumption of graphite electrodes by sublimation occurs at 3400o. The speed of sublimation is proportional towards the increase of current density.
Meanwhile, usage of quality GE leads to contributions to saving energy and environmental conservation. Electric arc furnaces, with all the main objective of recycling steel scraps, promote reuse of steel products.
Production organization of graphite electrodes can be divided as 10 stages the next:
Raw material transporting
Kneading
Extruding
Baking
Pitch Impregnation
Re-Baking
Graphitization
Machining
Inspection
Shipment
The typical sizes for graphite electrodes originate from diameter 10″ (inch) to 30″(inch) and from amount of 60″(inch) to 110″(inch). The weights are ranging from 123 Kgs (10″ x 60″) to 2060 Kgs (30″ x 110″).
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