Gum diseases can be categorized into two broad groups, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis can be an inflammation in the gingivae (gums) in every age brackets but manifests with greater regularity in children and the younger generation.
Periodontitis is surely an inflammation with subsequent destruction with the other tooth-supporting structures, namely the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum and subsequent lack of teeth. This problem mainly manifests noisy . mid-life with severity increasing within the elderly.
Gingivitis can or may progress to periodontitis state within an individual.
Gum diseases have been located to get the most widespread chronic diseases around the world using a prevalence of between 90 and 100 percent in adults over 35 years in developing countries. They have been been shown to be the explanation for referred to as in individuals Four decades and above.
Halitosis bad breath is probably the major consequences of gum diseases.
Some of the terms which are greatly associated with smelly breath and gum diseases are highlighted below:
Dental Plaque- The fundamental requirement of the prevention and treatment of a condition is an understanding of its causes. The main source of gum diseases is bacteria, which form a complex around the tooth surface generally known as plaque. These bacteria’s are the real cause of smelly breath.
Dental plaque is bacterial accumulations on the teeth and other solid oral structures. If it’s of sufficient thickness, seems like like a whitish, yellowish layer mainly across the gum margins for the tooth surface. Its presence can be discerned by a conventional dye or fluorescent dye (demonstrated by illumination with ultraviolet light), disclosing solution or by scraping the teeth surface across the gum margins.
When plaque is examined under the microscope, it reveals a multitude of a variety of bacteria. Some desquamated oral epithelial cells and white blood cells are often present. The micro-organisms detected vary in accordance with the site where these are present.
You can find gram positive and gram negative organisms, filamentous and flagellated organisms, spirochetes or even small amounts of even yeasts, mycoplasma and protozoa.
Clean tooth surfaces after brushing tend to be protected by a skinny layer of glycoproteins from saliva called pellicle. Pellicle permits the selective adherence of bacteria on the tooth surface.
Through the first couple of hours, the bacteria proliferate to make colonies. Additionally, other organisms will likely populate the pellicle from adjacent areas to form a complex accumulation of mixed colonies. The information present between your bacteria is termed intermicrobial matrix forming about 25 per cent from the plaque volume. This matrix is mainly extra cellular carbohydrate polymers manufactured by the bacteria from dietary sugars; salivary and gingival fluid components; and dying and dead bacteria.
Small amounts of plaque are suitable for gingival or periodontal health. Some people can resist larger levels of plaque for long periods without developing destructive periodontitis (inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues) even though they will exhibit gingivitis (inflammation with the gums or gingiva).
Diet And Plaque Formation- Diet may play an important part in plaque formation by modifying the total amount and composition of plaque. More the plaque formation could be, there’ll be more halitosis bad breath.
Fermentable sugars increase plaque formation since they provide additional energy supply for bacterial procedure also provide the unprocessed trash (substrate) for your creation of extra cellular polysaccharides.
Secondary Factors
Although plaque may be the responsible for gum diseases, many others thought to be secondary factors, local and systemic, predispose towards plaque accumulation or alter the response of gum tissue to plaque. The area factors are:
1) Cavities within the teeth;
2) Faulty fillings;
3) Food impaction;
4) Poorly designed partial dentures (false teeth);
5) Orthodontic appliances;
6) Misaligned teeth;
7) mouth-breathing
8) Grooves on teeth or roots near gum margins;
9) Reduced salivary flow; and,
10) Smoking tobacco.
The systemic factors which potentially affect the gum tissues are:
1) Systemic diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus, Down’s syndrome, AIDS, blood disorders yet others;
2) Hormonal changes – during puberty, pregnancy, contraceptives intake and menopause;
3) Drug reactions, e.g. immunosuppressive drugs, antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptic drugs; and,
4) Dietary and nutritional factors, e.g. protein deficiency and vitamin C and B deficiency.
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